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BaKhabar  Download pdf
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| Biharis
and their sacrifice for Pakistan: Unfulfilled promises ... by Dr. Ali Al-Ghamdi*
In my previous two articles, I dealt with the sacrifices made by Bihari Muslims for Pakistan since the emergence of the two-nation theory under which the subcontinent was divided between India and Pakistan. The articles also shed light on the expertise and skills of Biharis which rescued East Pakistan’s economy from collapse. Biharis suffered a lot and fought together with the Pakistan army in their failed bid to ensure the survival of Pakistan as a unified state. However, after the war ended and the Pakistan army surrendered to the Indian army, Biharis were left unprotected and were vulnerable to murder, looting and rape by militias associated with the Awami League.  Although the laws of war gave protection to the surrendered army, there was no law to protect Biharis or defend them. The Simla Agreement, concluded by India and Pakistan in the year following the 1971 war, laid down the principles that should govern their future relations. It also formulated steps to be taken for further normalization of mutual relations. Under this agreement, signed by the Pakistan Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto with his Indian counterpart Indira Gandhi, the surrendered Pakistan troops were able to return to their country. However, the agreement did not include any specific provisions either to ensure the protection of Biharis and safeguard their basic rights if they preferred to stay in Bangladesh or to facilitate their return to Pakistan, a country for which they had made big sacrifices.   Under agreements reached by the government of Bhutto, nearly 200,000 Biharis repatriated to Pakistan. There were also reports that some of them chose to attempt to integrate with the Bengali community rather than return to Pakistan. But all the facts indicate that most of them were unable to integrate with the Bengali community. Only a few of them managed to do so by means of intermarriage with Bengali men and women and by acquiring proficiency in the Bengali language, while the rest of them were destined to live in overcrowded tents and huts in miserable conditions, in anticipation of their return to their country, Pakistan.  There were several proposals made to solve the problem of Biharis, of which the most notable was for setting up an endowment under the aegis of the Makkah-based Muslim World League (MWL). An agreement to establish the endowment was signed by Pakistan President Gen. Zia ul-Haq and Dr. Abdullah Omar Naseef, secretary general of the MWL. The founding committee members of the endowment included several prominent Saudi and Pakistani figures, including President of the Arab Gulf Program for Development (AGFUND) Prince Talal Bin Abdul Aziz, who was also second president of the endowment, and Amin Al-Attas, assistant secretary general of the MWL. High hopes were pinned on the endowment especially because of the enthusiasm shown by Gen. Zia ul-Haq, who declared that he would ensure the return of the stranded Pakistanis to their country even if it had to be on his own back. But unfortunately, destiny did not allow him to fulfill this promise. However, some Biharis who were later repatriated to Pakistan settled in Punjab province where Gen. Zia had built houses for them on land donated by the provincial government, headed by Nawaz Sharif. The Muslim World League gave $50 million toward executing the project for the repatriation and settlement of the stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh.  The organization also offered to extend more donations and gifts so as to raise the amount required to solve the problems of around a quarter of a million Biharis who were living in appalling conditions in overcrowded tents and huts without access to even the basic requirements of life such as food, medicine and clothing. Today Biharis are still languishing in these camps where they have been since the breakup of United Pakistan and the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh 40 years ago. After the death of Gen. Zia ul-Haq, Pakistan Peoples Party leader Benazir Bhutto assumed power as prime minister of Pakistan. She showed no interest in the subject of the repatriation of stranded Pakistanis from Bangladesh. Perhaps this was because of her animosity for her predecessor Gen. Zia ul-Haq for hanging her father after holding a summary trial or she might have disliked her rival and successor Nawaz Sharif who was interested in resolving the issue of the stranded Pakistanis. In the name of the Punjab provincial government, Sharif, in his capacity as chief minister, donated land to build a city to accommodate all the Pakistanis stranded in Bangladesh. However, it was reported that Benazir Bhutto, after a visit to Bangladesh, announced that Biharis would continue to remain in Bangladesh forever. There were renewed hopes of reactivating the MWL endowment for Biharis during the second tenure of Nawaz Sharif as prime minister of Pakistan. He demonstrated interest in the topic and took charge as president of the endowment replacing Gen. Zia ul-Haq. The endowment then built a large number of houses in Punjab province and handed over some of them to more than 60 repatriated Bihari families while the majority of the dwellings remained vacant due to the political turmoil in the country. In his second term of office, Nawaz Sharif did not have enough time to resume the repatriation and settlement process. He was ousted in a military coup orchestrated by the army chief Gen. Pervez Musharraf, who renewed the era of military coups that have plagued Pakistan throughout its history. * Dr. Ali Al-Ghamdi is a former Saudi diplomat who specializes in Southeast Asian affairs  |
Marital
problems in the Indian Diaspora living in the Middle East
[With
reference to Embassy involvement to solve the issues] --- By Aleem Khan Falki, Jeddah*  I was surprised to discover the fact that almost every 10th Indian, particularly the Muslims, are having strained relations with their spouses or in-laws. The number of children affected is countless. Since the local Arab Governments do not show any sympathy or interest to solve the expatriate’s disputes even if they end up with police case, it was inevitable to form a NGO and coordinate with the embassy where the majority of the cases are reported. As an average, 2-3 cases are reported weekly to the Embassy, Weekly’s office and directly to the NGO. Nature of complains: 1. Most of the cases are dowry-oriented. Since the groom’s main qualification of being an NRI supersedes all other academic qualifications, the parents prefer to spend on NRI bride-grooms as the parents wish to see their daughters go abroad. When she lands she finds him far away from her ideals. The one who could have been a match to her is often, in terms of dowry, out of the capacity of her parents. Therefore, the parents have to overlook the criteria of mental or intellectual or educational matching, they wed their daughters according to their financial affordability. 2. There are many cases where the bride-grooms provided fake information about their job, earning, qualifications etc. before the marriage. As a result, the innocent girls found an entirely different standard of life upon arrival, far below their expectations. 3. Many expatriates do not qualify for maintaining “family status” so they cannot obtain the family’s visa. The distance creates many disputes with in-laws and, consequently, they go to the police and courts. The women seeking divorce do not get any help from Qazi. The courts take too long as unless the bride-groom appears in the court, no fast judgment can be passed. Even if the court summon or sends warrant to the bride-groom, he does not respond as the Indian Embassy is not equipped with any power to catch hold of such violators. The Middle East is a safe land for those who run away from the family disputes. No Qazi or Court can serve notice to them unless they return back. A case study: A young man Mr. Mujahid Ali Shah, a native of Hyderabad who had divorced his wife due to anti-dowry case against him, was allowed to meet his two daughters once in a week by the Court. He violated the Court’s instructions, deceived the law bribing some officials and brought the daughters to Jeddah. He is absconding from India. The embassy does not have power to compel his Saudi Sponsor to send him back. In the same way, we often receive many requests from the parents and Qazis to locate the absconding husbands. The complainants send the copies of the FIR and even Court orders but they are of no use. As long as the Arab sponsor does not exit the wanted person, he has liberty to stay abroad. 4.. The sufferings of the Indian Muslim girls married to Arab Shiekhs is a common phenomena. The brokers including Qazis convince the parents of the girls under the pretext of Islamic permission to such marriages and wed the girls with Arabs. The poor parents fall prey. The Sheikhs abandon these girls within a week or two after enjoying a few nights with these girls. There is no agreement between India and other Arab Governments to bring these sheikhs to the courts. There are many girls who begot children too. 5. Similarly, there are many girls who married to the Arabs and came to Middle East. They found on arrival that the Sheikh are already married to other wives. Since the Indian maids are considered as more efficient and loyal here, these girls are forced to work like maids. An example: I came across a case of a Keralite Muslim girl namely Rehana kulsoom. She belonged to a very poor family. An Aged Saudi married her and brought her to Saudi Arabia on a Maid’s visa as the Saudi nationals are not permitted to marry any non-Saudi woman. The innocent girl did not know this. She was assigned to look after the Saudi’s ailing mother who on wheel chair. The Saudi used to come home once or twice a week and always used to make excuses of his excessive travelling. Later she found out that the man already has got two wives and several children, he needed only a maid to look after his mother. When the mother died after a few years, he sent her back giving her a few hundred Riyals only. While she was forced to attend his mother, he had taken her passport and local ID in his custody and made excuses that he has lost. Eventually, the Embassy had to come to rescue the woman and got her relieved from the torture. 6. The educated girls who had been at jobs in India find very difficult to adjust here as the women are not allowed to work except in the profession of teaching or nursing. The husbands want to live together but the women do not find any attraction in the life without going to jobs. As a result, many a complications arise in the married life. Example: Ismail Akbar is a 40 years old sales executive in my company, married with 2 sons and a daughter. His wife is a Life insurance agent and earning over 50,000 Rupee monthly in India. She wants to visit him now and then but not interested in staying permanently. The husband could not resist his natural needs and married a nurse locally. The first wife writ for divorce in Bombay court and the poor guy is facing enormous difficulties as he is not willing to part from his wife and children. 7. It is not that only the women are victimized. In many cases, we witnessed the men too are harassed by the wives and their parents. Since most of the expatriates’ second generation too has become a working class abroad, the men who marry locally here, find an army of in-laws around them. The involvement of in-laws from both sides often multiply the problems. 8. We often find the complains of impotency in the men. The years in the deserts they live before the marriage lead them to the bad habits of pornographic entertainments. They fall in illicit acts of sexual satisfaction and soon lose power. Afraid of defamation after marriage, they accuse the wives of immorality. As a result, the women are victimized due to the false allegations. 9. The advancement of the social media like Face Book and twitter etc have destroyed the morality. Since the women are mostly alone at home, willingly or unwillingly they indulge in to acquaintance of many such friendships that arouse the suspicions in their husbands’ mind and subsequently the relations start getting strained. It is often indicated in the newspapers that in the West as well as in the rich Arab states, 50% of the divorces and strained relationship are due to the social media. Recommendations to the Ministry of NRIs: 1. The embassies must be given power to withhold the passport, or to influence the courts or local police stations in India with their report. Since revocation of the passport needs a long judiciary process, the embassies should have power to instruct the Indian immigration department to seize the passport at the airport itself as soon as the violators arrive at any Indian airport. 2. NGOs who come forward to counsel in the marital problems, must be given legal support by the embassies to take action. The embassy should support the action taken by the NGOs. This will not only reduce the domestic violence, divorces etc but also reduce lot of pressure from the embassy staff who willingly or unwillingly have to involve in the disputes. 3. There is already an agreement between the Indian Government and most of the Middle East Governments on exchange of terrorists, smugglers etc. There should also be an agreement to exchange the persons who are wanted by any Indian court but they are absconding. If any Indian court issues a warrant against a person, the embassies should be able to compel the Arab sponsor to arrange the exit of the wanted person. 4. The Community Welfare section of every embassy must be provided with an official counselor to counsel between the wives and husbands. 5. Strict laws must be introduced to stop the marriages of Indian girls to the Arab nationals. At the same time, more severe punishments too should be introduced against those Qazis and brokers who arrange such marriages in violation to the real Islamic laws. 6. Most important: The Government must ban the dowry system. This is the root of many crimes in the society as well as a worst violation of Women’s Rights. The article 498A or anti-dowry act 1961 and 1986 are not enough to curb the present day’s dowry trends. New strict laws must be introduced to eradicate it. ___________________________________ * Mr. Aleem Khan Falaki is a PhD Research scholar from Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad. He is also the President of Socio Reforms Society of India. Based in Jeddah, writer of books on Life Insurance, Dowry system etc. He can be contacted on aleemfalki@yahoo.com. |
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